New for 2021, the Modern Language Association has updated its guidelines for citing sources. The 9th edition of the MLA Handbook addresses the need to more easily site the growing number of formats of information sources and media that have emerged in the digital age. The new guidelines focus on a set of standards that can be applied to ANY source, rather than continuing to create rules dictated by the format of any given source.
Fill in the blanks of the template below to see which elements will make up the citation for you source. You may not fill every box on the template because not all sources will have all these elements as part of their bibliographic information. See the dropdown menu under Elements of a Citation to learn more.
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Author. |
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Title of source. |
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Title of container, |
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Contributor, |
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Version, |
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Number, |
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Publisher, |
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Publication date, |
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Location. |
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Second level container (such as a database or collection)
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Title of Container, |
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Contributor, |
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Version, |
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Number, |
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Publisher, |
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Publication date, |
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Location. |
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Would you like more help with your MLA style papers and citations? Sign up for one of our live MLA webinars!
MLA Handbook by Relied on by generations of writers, the MLA Handbook is published by the Modern Language Association and is the only official, authorized book on MLA style. The new, ninth edition builds on the MLA's unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements--facts, common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date--that allows writers to cite any type of work, from books, e-books, and journal articles in databases to song lyrics, online images, social media posts, dissertations, and more. With this focus on source evaluation as the cornerstone of citation, MLA style promotes the skills of information and digital literacy so crucial today. The many new and updated chapters make this edition the comprehensive, go-to resource for writers of research papers, and anyone citing sources, from business writers, technical writers, and freelance writers and editors to student writers and the teachers and librarians working with them. Intended for a variety of classroom contexts--middle school, high school, and college courses in composition, communication, literature, language arts, film, media studies, digital humanities, and related fields--the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook offers *New chapters on grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, numbers, italics, abbreviations, and principles of inclusive language *Guidelines on setting up research papers in MLA format with updated advice on headings, lists, and title pages for group project *Revised, comprehensive, step-by-step instructions for creating a list of works cited in MLA format that are easier to learn and use than ever before *A new appendix with hundreds of example works-cited-list entries by publication format, including websites, YouTube videos, interviews, and more *Detailed examples of how to find publication information for a variety of sources *Newly revised explanations of in-text citations, including comprehensive advice on how to cite multiple authors of a single work *Detailed guidance on footnotes and endnotes *Instructions on quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, and avoiding plagiarism *A sample essay in MLA format *Annotated bibliography examples *Numbered sections throughout for quick navigation *Advanced tips for professional writers and scholars©2022 Houston Community College Libraries
