Libraries: Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Popular (Gen)AI Tools & Brands

GAI LLM, Coding, & Math Tools

	OpenAI's ChatGPT can generate text, solve math problems, and perform coding. It offers conversational capabilities (Ortiz, 2023a). It is an AI language model that was trained on a large body of text from a variety of sources (e.g., Wikipedia, books, news articles, scientific journals) dating up to 2021 (Scribber, n.d.). GPT stands for Generative Pretrained Transformer.
	Google's Bard, rebranded to Gemini in early 2024, is an experimental, conversational, AI chat service. It is meant to function similarly to ChatGPT, with the biggest difference being that Google's service will pull its information from the web (Ortiz, 2023b).
	PaLM is Google's next generation large language model. It excels at advanced reasoning tasks, including code and math, classification and question answering, translation and multilingual proficiency, and natural language generation (Google, n.d.) It can be used to build generative AI applications.
	Meta's LLaMA is a foundational large language model designed to help researchers advance their work in this subfield of AI (Meta, 2023).
	Microsoft Copilot is a chatbot launched in 2023. Based on a large language model (LLM), it is able to cite sources, create poems, and write songs. It is a replacement for Cortana, now discontinued. It allows for tailored conversation modes: creative, balanced, or precise.
	Perplexity AI is an AI-chatbot-powered research and conversational search engine that answers queries using natural language predictive text.

GAI Visual Tools & Emerging Brands

	DALL-E, according to its creator OpenAI, is an AI system that can create realistic images and art from a description in natural language, also known as text-to-image generation.
	Stable Diffusion is a deep learning (DL) text-to-image GAI, like DALL-E released in 2022. Its code and model weights are publicly released.
	Midjourney is a text-to-image AI generator like DALL-E and Stable Diffusion. It's open beta was released in 2022.
	Sora is a text-to-video generative AI tool developed by Open AI --the creators of ChatGPT. It was released in 2024, but is not yet available to the public.
	Anthropic PBC is a U.S.-based AI start-up founded in 2021 as a public-benefit company to develop AI systems through research with safety and reliability for the public as the #1 priority. It was founded by two former members of OpenAI: Daniela and Dario Amodei. Claude is their next generation AI assistant for work intended to be "safe, accurate, and secure."
	Cohere Inc. is a Canadian multinational technology company focused on artificial intelligence for the enterprise, specializing in large language models.
	Baidu, Inc., founded in 2000, is a multinational tech company involved in multiple industries: internet services (search engine, mapping, online encyclopedia, keyword-based discussion forums, video streaming service), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence based out of Beijing, China.